Fundamental Chemistry: Moles and Concentration Calculations Course (15)

Formation of Solution (solute + solvent)

Solutions consist of two components: the solute, which is the substance being dissolved, and the solvent, the dissolving medium. Simple way to distinguish between the solute and solvent is that: the solvent is present in a large amount than the solute (solvent outweigh the solute in quantity).

solute + solvent = solution

Concentration Relationship

Solution concentration refers to the moles of solute dissolved in 1 dm3 of solvent. It’s measured in mol dm-3.

concentration formula

Concentration (mol.dm-3) equals moles of solute divided by solution volume in dm3 (where 1dm3 = l liter)

Concentration triangle

Concentration tringle helps in calculating concentration, volume or moles where calculations, representing moles (n), concentration (c), and volume (v).

concentration triangle

Exercise

Calculate the concentration in mol. dm–3 of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, if 250 cm3 of a solution contains 2.0 g of sodium hydroxide.

(Mr value: NaOH = 40.0)

Solution

The first step involves calculating the moles in 2.0grams sodium hydroxide, and converting cubic centimeters into cubic decimeters:

Number of moles in 2.0grams sodium hydroxide (NaOH):

number of moles of 2.0g NaOH

Converting 250 cm³ to dm³:

convertion from 250cm3 to 0.25dm3

Calculate the concentration

You can draw the concentration triangle to help you:

concentration triangle

Calculate the concentration by dividing the moles 0.050 moles by the volume 0.25, resulting in 0.20 mol.dm⁻³.

concentration of0.05 mol NaOH in 0.25dm3

Exercise

Calculate the number of moles in 50 cm3 of a 0.01 mol. dm-3 solution of calcium hydroxide.

Solution

You can see that we have a volume of 50 cm3 and a concentration of 0.01 mol.dm⁻³, and we need to calculate the number of moles.

Given c and V, we need n.

But first, let’s convert the volume of the solution into cubic decimeters:

conversion from 50cm3 to 0.05dm3

Convert cm3 into dm3:

Numbers of moles in 50cm3 calcium hydroxide:

No of moles of calcium hydroxide found in 0.01mol.dm3 and 0.05dm3

Full Course Link:
Fundamental Chemistry: Moles and Concentrations Calculations

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Category: Moles and Concentration Calculations