Fundamental Chemistry: Moles and Concentration Calculations Course (15)
Formation of Solution (solute + solvent)
Solutions consist of two components: the solute, which is the substance being dissolved, and the solvent, the dissolving medium. Simple way to distinguish between the solute and solvent is that: the solvent is present in a large amount than the solute (solvent outweigh the solute in quantity).
![solute + solvent = solution](https://explainedchem.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image.png?w=417)
Concentration Relationship
Solution concentration refers to the moles of solute dissolved in 1 dm3 of solvent. It’s measured in mol dm-3.
![concentration formula](https://explainedchem.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1.png?w=446)
Concentration (mol.dm-3) equals moles of solute divided by solution volume in dm3 (where 1dm3 = l liter)
Concentration triangle
Concentration tringle helps in calculating concentration, volume or moles where calculations, representing moles (n), concentration (c), and volume (v).
![concentration triangle](https://explainedchem.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-2.png?w=323)
Exercise
Calculate the concentration in mol. dm–3 of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, if 250 cm3 of a solution contains 2.0 g of sodium hydroxide.
(Mr value: NaOH = 40.0)
Solution
The first step involves calculating the moles in 2.0grams sodium hydroxide, and converting cubic centimeters into cubic decimeters:
Number of moles in 2.0grams sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
![number of moles of 2.0g NaOH](https://explainedchem.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-3.png?w=387)
Converting 250 cm³ to dm³:
![convertion from 250cm3 to 0.25dm3](https://explainedchem.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-4.png?w=209)
Calculate the concentration
You can draw the concentration triangle to help you:
![concentration triangle](https://explainedchem.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-5.png?w=240)
Calculate the concentration by dividing the moles 0.050 moles by the volume 0.25, resulting in 0.20 mol.dm⁻³.
![concentration of0.05 mol NaOH in 0.25dm3](https://explainedchem.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-6.png?w=362)
Exercise
Calculate the number of moles in 50 cm3 of a 0.01 mol. dm-3 solution of calcium hydroxide.
Solution
You can see that we have a volume of 50 cm3 and a concentration of 0.01 mol.dm⁻³, and we need to calculate the number of moles.
Given c and V, we need n.
But first, let’s convert the volume of the solution into cubic decimeters:
![conversion from 50cm3 to 0.05dm3](https://explainedchem.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-7.png?w=234)
Convert cm3 into dm3:
Numbers of moles in 50cm3 calcium hydroxide:
![No of moles of calcium hydroxide found in 0.01mol.dm3 and 0.05dm3](https://explainedchem.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-8.png?w=428)
Full Course Link:
Fundamental Chemistry: Moles and Concentrations Calculations